Arthritis is a common medical condition characterized by inflammation of one or more joints in the body, leading to pain, swelling, stiffness, and decreased range of motion. There are over 100 different types of arthritis, with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis being the most prevalent.

This is the most common form of arthritis and typically occurs due to the wear and tear of joints over time. It commonly affects older individuals but can also occur in younger people due to joint injury or obesity. Osteoarthritis primarily affects the cartilage, the protective tissue that covers the ends of bones in a joint. As the cartilage wears down, bones may rub against each other, causing pain and stiffness.

Unlike osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium, the lining of the membranes that surround the joints. This leads to inflammation, which can damage cartilage and bone within the joint. Rheumatoid arthritis often affects multiple joints symmetrically and can cause systemic symptoms such as fatigue, fever, and weight loss.

Other types of arthritis include gout, lupus-related arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, among others. Arthritis can significantly impact quality of life, and management typically involves a combination of medication, physical therapy, lifestyle changes, and sometimes surgery to alleviate symptoms and preserve joint function. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing arthritis effectively and preventing long-term joint damage.